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Trolling Die

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Person who sows discord on the Internet

A revision of a Wikipedia article shows a troll vandalizing an article on Wikipedia by replacing content with an insult.

In internet slang, a troll is a person who posts inflammatory, insincere, digressive,[1] extraneous, or off-topic messages in an online community (such as social media (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc.), a newsgroup, forum, conversation room, online video game, or weblog), with the intent of provoking readers into displaying emotional responses,[2] or manipulating others' perception. This is typically for the troll's amusement, or to achieve a specific result such as disrupting a rival's online activities or manipulating a political procedure. All the same, Internet trolling can also be divers as purposefully causing confusion or damage to other users online, for no reason at all.[3]

Both the noun and the verb forms of "troll" are associated with Internet soapbox. Media attention in recent years has equated trolling with online harassment. The Courier-Mail and The Today Show have used "troll" to mean "a person who defaces Net tribute sites with the aim of causing grief to families".[4] [v] In addition, depictions of trolling have been included in pop fictional works, such every bit the HBO television program The Newsroom, in which a main character encounters harassing persons online and tries to infiltrate their circles by posting negative sexual comments.[6]

Usage

The advice to ignore rather than engage with a troll is sometimes phrased equally "Please don't feed the trolls."

Application of the term troll is subjective. Some readers may characterize a post equally trolling, while others may regard the aforementioned mail as a legitimate contribution to the discussion, fifty-fifty if controversial.[ citation needed ] More potent acts of trolling are blatant harassment or off-topic banter;[ citation needed ] however, the term internet troll has also been applied to data warfare, hate speech, and even political activism.[7]

Controversial posts may attract a particularly strong response from those unfamiliar with the robust dialogue establish in some online, rather than physical, communities.[ farther caption needed ] Experienced participants in online forums know that the most effective way to discourages trolls is usually to ignore them,[ commendation needed ] because responding tends to encourage trolls to continue disruptive posts – hence the often-seen warning: "Please don't feed the trolls". Some believe this to be bad or incomplete communication for effectively dealing with trolls.[8]

The "Trollface" is an image occasionally used to indicate trolling in Net culture.[nine] [10] [11]

At times the discussion is incorrectly used to refer to anyone with controversial, or differing, opinions.[12] Such usage goes against the ordinary significant of troll in multiple ways. While psychologists have determined that psychopathological sadism, Dark triad, and Dark tetrad personality traits are mutual amid Net trolls,[13] [14] [fifteen] [16] [17] some observers claim that trolls do not actually believe the controversial views they claim. Farhad Manjoo criticises this view, noting that if the person really is trolling, they are more intelligent than their critics would believe.[12]

Origin and etymology

There are competing theories of where and when "troll" was get-go used in Cyberspace slang, with numerous unattested accounts of Bbs and Usenet origins in the early on 1980s or before.[18]

The English substantive "troll" in the standard sense of ugly dwarf or giant dates to 1610 and comes from the Onetime Norse word "troll" significant giant or demon.[19] The give-and-take evokes the trolls of Scandinavian folklore and children'southward tales: antisocial, quarrelsome and ho-hum-witted creatures which make life difficult for travellers.[20] [21] Trolls have existed in folklore and fantasy literature for centuries, and online trolling has been around for as long as the internet has existed.[22]

In modernistic English usage, "trolling" may describe the line-fishing technique of slowly dragging a lure or baited hook from a moving gunkhole,[23] whereas trawling describes the generally commercial act of dragging a fishing net. Early not-Net slang use of "trolling" tin be found in the military machine: by 1972 the term "trolling for MiGs" was documented in use past US Navy pilots in Vietnam. Information technology referred to utilize of "...decoys, with the mission of drawing...fire away..."[24]

The contemporary use of the term is said to take appeared on the Internet in the late 1980s,[25] [26] simply the primeval known attestation according to the Oxford English Dictionary is in 1992.[27] [28] [29]

The context of the quote cited in the Oxford English Lexicon [28] sets the origin in Usenet in the early 1990s as in the phrase "trolling for newbies", equally used in alt.folklore.urban (AFU).[xxx] [31] Commonly, what is meant is a relatively gentle within joke by veteran users, presenting questions or topics that had been so overdone that only a new user would respond to them earnestly. For example, a veteran of the group might make a postal service on the common misconception that drinking glass flows over time. Long-fourth dimension readers would both recognize the affiche'south proper name and know that the topic had been discussed repeatedly, simply new subscribers to the group would not realize, and would thus respond. These types of trolls served as a practice to identify group insiders. This definition of trolling, considerably narrower than the modern understanding of the term, was considered a positive contribution.[30] [32] One of the most notorious AFU trollers, David Mikkelson,[30] went on to create the urban folklore website Snopes.com.

By the tardily 1990s, alt.sociology.urban had such heavy traffic and participation that trolling of this sort was frowned upon. Others expanded the term to include the practice of playing a seriously misinformed user, fifty-fifty in newsgroups where one was not a regular; these were oft attempts at humor rather than provocation. The substantive troll usually referred to an act of trolling – or to the resulting word – rather than to the author, though some posts punned on the dual significant of troll. [33]

A webcomic posted in 1997 used the word troll to describe those that deliberately harass or provoke other internet users, like to the modern sense of the give-and-take.[34]

In other languages

In Chinese, trolling is referred to as bái mù (Chinese: 白目; lit. 'white heart'), which can exist straightforwardly explained every bit "eyes without pupils", in the sense that while the student of the eye is used for vision, the white section of the eye cannot meet, and trolling involves blindly talking nonsense over the Net, having total disregard to sensitivities or being oblivious to the situation at hand, akin to having eyes without pupils. An alternative term is bái làn (Chinese: 白爛; lit. 'white rot'), which describes a mail service completely nonsensical and full of folly made to upset others, and derives from a Taiwanese slang term for the male person genitalia, where genitalia that is pale white in color represents that someone is young, and thus foolish. Both terms originate from Taiwan, and are likewise used in Hong Kong and communist china. Another term, xiǎo bái (Chinese: 小白; lit. 'little white') is a derogatory term for both bái mù and bái làn that is used on anonymous posting Cyberspace forums. Another common term for a troll used in mainland People's republic of china is pēn zi (Chinese: 噴子; lit. 'sprayer, spurter').

In Japanese, tsuri ( 釣り ) means "angling" and refers to intentionally misleading posts whose merely purpose is to get the readers to react, i.e. get trolled. arashi ( 荒らし ) means "laying waste matter" and can likewise be used to refer to simple spamming.

In Icelandic, þurs (a thurs) or tröll (a troll) may refer to trolls, the verbs þursa (to troll) or þursast (to exist trolling, to troll well-nigh) may be used.[35]

In Korean, nak-si (낚시) means "angling", refers to Net trolling attempts, as well as purposely misleading post titles. A person who recognizes the troll after having responded (or, in case of a post title nak-si, having read the actual post) would often refer to themselves as a caught fish.[36]

In Portuguese, more commonly in its Brazilian variant, troll (produced [ˈtɾɔw] in most of Brazil equally spelling pronunciation) is the usual term to denote Internet trolls (examples of common derivate terms are trollismo or trollagem, "trolling", and the verb trollar, "to troll", which entered popular utilise), simply an older expression, used by those which want to avert anglicisms or slangs, is complexo do pombo enxadrista to denote trolling beliefs, and pombos enxadristas (literally, "chessplayer pigeons") or simply pombos are the terms used to name the trolls. The terms are explained by an adage or pop saying: "Arguing with fulano (i.due east., John Doe) is the same as playing chess with a pigeon: information technology defecates on the table, drops the pieces and only flies off, claiming victory."

In Thai, the term krian (เกรียน) has been adopted to address Internet trolls. Co-ordinate to the Majestic Institute of Thailand, the term, which literally refers to a closely cropped hairstyle worn by schoolboys in Thailand, is from the behaviour of these schoolboys who usually get together to play online games and, during which, brand annoying, disruptive, impolite, or unreasonable expressions.[37] The term height krian (ตบเกรียน; "slap a cropped head") refers to the human action of posting intellectual replies to refute the messages of Internet trolls and cause them to exist perceived every bit unintelligent.[ commendation needed ]

Trolling, identity, and anonymity

Early incidents of trolling[38] were considered to be the same every bit flaming, but this has inverse with modernistic usage by the news media to refer to the creation of whatsoever content that targets another person. The Cyberspace dictionary NetLingo suggests in that location are four grades of trolling: playtime trolling, tactical trolling, strategic trolling, and domination trolling. The relationship between trolling and flaming was observed in open-admission forums in California, on a series of modem-linked computers. CommuniTree was begun in 1978 but was airtight in 1982 when accessed by high schoolhouse teenagers, becoming a basis for trashing and corruption.[39]

Some psychologists have suggested that flaming would be acquired past deindividuation or decreased self-evaluation: the anonymity of online postings would lead to disinhibition among individuals.[40] Others have suggested that although flaming and trolling is often unpleasant, it may exist a form of normative beliefs that expresses the social identity of a certain user group.[41] [42] According to Tom Postmes, a professor of social and organisational psychology at the universities of Exeter, England, and Groningen, The netherlands, and the author of Individuality and the Grouping, who has studied online behavior for twenty years, "Trolls aspire to violence, to the level of trouble they tin cause in an surroundings. They desire it to kick off. They want to promote antipathetic emotions of cloy and outrage, which morbidly gives them a sense of pleasure."[39] Someone who brings something off topic into the conversation in order to make that person mad is trolling.[43]

The exercise of trolling has been documented by a number of academics equally early as the 1990s. This included Steven Johnson in 1997 in the book Interface Culture, and a paper past Judith Donath in 1999. Donath'due south newspaper outlines the ambivalence of identity in a disembodied "virtual community" such as Usenet:

In the physical globe there is an inherent unity to the self, for the body provides a compelling and convenient definition of identity. The norm is: one body, one identity ... The virtual world is different. It is composed of information rather than matter.[44]

Donath provides a concise overview of identity charade games which merchandise on the defoliation betwixt physical and epistemic community:

Trolling is a game about identity deception, admitting one that is played without the consent of most of the players. The troll attempts to pass as a legitimate participant, sharing the group's mutual interests and concerns; the newsgroup's or forum's members, if they are cognizant of trolls and other identity deceptions, attempt to both distinguish real from trolling postings, and upon judging a poster a troll, make the offending poster go out the group. Their success at the one-time depends on how well they – and the troll – understand identity cues; their success at the latter depends on whether the troll'due south enjoyment is sufficiently diminished or outweighed past the costs imposed past the group.

Trolls can exist plush in several means. Due to the ability to make yourself unidentifiable online, cyber bullying and internet trolling can flourish in cyberspace spaces without upshot and this is what ultimately feeds into internet trolls being malicious online.[45]

In Whitney Phillips' book This is Why Nosotros Can't Take Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship Betwixt Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture, Even with the diverse types of trolls and trolling styles, sure behaviors are consistent. Outset, trolls of the subcultural variety self-place themselves as a troll.[46] Trolls are too motivated by what is known as lulz, a blazon of unsympathetic, ambiguous laughter. The final behavior is the insistent need for anonymity. According to Phillips, anonymity allows trolls engage in behaviors they would not replicate in professional or public settings. On the reverse, trolling is often successful and dependent on the target'southward lack anonymity. This can included disclosing attachments, interests, and vulnerability that the target cares about in real life.

A troll can disrupt the discussion on a newsgroup or online forum, disseminate bad advice, and impairment the feeling of trust in the online community. Furthermore, in a group that has become sensitized to trolling – where the rate of charade is loftier – many honestly naïve questions may exist quickly rejected equally trolling. This tin can exist quite off-putting to the new user who upon venturing a outset posting is immediately bombarded with angry accusations. Even if the accusation is unfounded, being branded a troll may be damaging to one's online reputation.[44]

Susan Herring and colleagues in "Searching for Prophylactic Online: Managing 'Trolling' in a Feminist Forum" point out the difficulty inherent in monitoring trolling and maintaining freedom of speech communication in online communities: "harassment oftentimes arises in spaces known for their freedom, lack of censure, and experimental nature".[47] Gratis speech may lead to tolerance of trolling behavior, complicating the members' efforts to maintain an open, yet supportive word area, particularly for sensitive topics such as race, gender, and sexuality.[47]

Cyberbullying laws vary by state, every bit Trolling is not a crime under Federal police force.[48] In an effort to reduce uncivil behavior past increasing accountability, many web sites (eastward.g. Reuters, Facebook, and Gizmodo) now require commenters to register their names and eastward-mail addresses.[49]

Trolling itself has become its own form of internet subculture and has developed its own set of rituals, rules, specialized language, and defended spaces of practice.[50] The appeal of trolling primarily comes from the thrill of how long one can keep the ruse going before getting caught, and exposed as a troll. When understood this way, net trolls are less like vulgar, indiscriminate bullies, and closer to countercultural respondents to a (so called) overly sensitive public.

The main elements of why people troll are interactions; trolling exists in the interactive communications between internet users, influencing people'south views both from objective and emotional standpoints, and lastly trolling does not target a single private, but rather targets multiple members of a discussion. Ways to identify trolling include the situation to utilizing the Internet equally a platform, offensive and emotional content, and an intended reaction from an audience.[fifty]

Corporate, political, and special-interest sponsored trolls

Organizations and countries may utilize trolls to manipulate public opinion as part and parcel of an astroturfing initiative. When trolling is sponsored by the government, information technology is often called state-sponsored internet propaganda or land-sponsored trolling. Teams of sponsored trolls are sometimes referred to as sockpuppet armies.[51]

A 2016 report by Harvard political scientist Gary Rex reported that the Chinese regime'southward 50 Cent Party creates 440 million pro-government social media posts per year.[52] [53] The written report said that regime employees were paid to create pro-authorities posts around the time of national holidays to avoid mass political protests. The Chinese Government ran an editorial in the country-funded Global Times defending censorship and 50 Cent Party trolls.[52]

A 2016 study for the NATO Strategic Communications Middle of Excellence on hybrid warfare notes that the Russo-Ukrainian War "demonstrated how simulated identities and accounts were used to disseminate narratives through social media, blogs, and web commentaries in guild to dispense, harass, or deceive opponents."[54] : 3 The NATO report describes that a "Wikipedia troll" uses a blazon of message pattern where a troll does not add "emotional value" to reliable "essentially true" information in re-posts, merely presents it "in the incorrect context, intending the audience to depict false conclusions." For example, information, without context, from Wikipedia about the military history of the United States "becomes value-laden if it is posted in the annotate section of an article criticizing Russia for its war machine deportment and interests in Ukraine. The Wikipedia troll is 'tricky', considering in terms of actual text, the information is true, but the style information technology is expressed gives information technology a completely dissimilar meaning to its readers."[54] : 62

Unlike "classic trolls," Wikipedia trolls "have no emotional input, they but supply misinformation" and are one of "the well-nigh dangerous" as well as i of "the nigh effective trolling bulletin designs."[54] : seventy, 76 Fifty-fifty among people who are "emotionally immune to aggressive letters" and apolitical, "training in critical thinking" is needed, according to the NATO written report, because "they have relatively bullheaded trust in Wikipedia sources and are non able to filter data that comes from platforms they consider authoritative."[54] : 72 While Russian-language hybrid trolls apply the Wikipedia troll message design to promote anti-Western sentiment in comments, they "generally attack aggressively to maintain emotional attachment to problems covered in articles."[54] : 75 Discussions most topics other than international sanctions during the Ukrainian crunch "attracted very aggressive trolling" and became polarized, according to the NATO report, which "suggests that in subjects in which there is little potential for re-educating audiences, emotional damage is considered more effective" for pro-Russian Latvian-linguistic communication trolls.[54] : 76

A 2016 written report on fluoridation conclusion-making in Israel coined the term "Dubiousness Bias" to describe the efforts of power in government, public wellness and media to aggressively accelerate agendas past misrepresentation of historical and scientific fact. The authors noted that authorities tended to overlook or to deny situations that involve uncertainty while making unscientific arguments and disparaging comments in order to undermine opposing positions.[55]

The New York Times reported in belatedly October 2018 that Saudi Arabia used an online army of Twitter trolls to harass the late Saudi dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi and other critics of the Saudi regime.[56]

In October 2018, The Daily Telegraph reported that Facebook "banned hundreds of pages and accounts which it says were fraudulently flooding its site with partisan political content – although they came from the Us instead of being associated with Russia."[57]

While corporate networking site LinkedIn is considered a platform of practiced gustation and professionalism, companies searching for personal information by promoting jobs that were non real and fake accounts posting political messages has caught the company off baby-sit.[58]

Psychological characteristics

Bedevilment by Briton Rivière (1896). Radford suggests that many trolls perceive themselves as jester-like figures, tormenting their targets from a position of relative prophylactic.[59]

Researcher Ben Radford wrote about the phenomenon of clowns in history and the modern solar day in his volume Bad Clowns, and found that "bad clowns" have evolved into Internet trolls.[59] They practise not dress up as traditional clowns but, for their own entertainment, they tease and exploit "human foibles" in order to speak the "truth" and proceeds a reaction.[59] Similar clowns in make-upwards, Internet trolls hide behind "anonymous accounts and fake usernames".[59] In their eyes, they are the trickster and are performing for a nameless audition via the Internet.[59] Studies conducted in the fields of homo–computer interaction and cyberpsychology past other researchers have corroborated Radford'south analysis on the phenomenon of Internet trolling equally a form of deception-serving amusement and its correlations to ambitious behaviour, katagelasticism, black humour, and the Dark tetrad.[xiii] [fourteen] [15]

Trolling correlates positively with sadism,[fourteen] [15] [sixteen] [17] trait psychopathy,[xiv] [fifteen] [16] [17] and Machiavellianism[threescore] (see Night triad). Trolls take pleasure from causing pain and emotional suffering.[fourteen] [16] [17] Their ability to upset or impairment gives them a feeling of ability.[sixty] Psychological researches conducted in the fields of personality psychology and cyberpsychology report that trolling behaviour qualifies as an anti-social behaviour and is strongly correlated to sadistic personality disorder (SPD).[fourteen] [16] [17] Researches have shown that men, compared with women, are more likely to perpetrate trolling behaviour; these gender differences in online anti-social behaviour may be a reflection of gender stereotypes, where agentic characteristics such as competitiveness and authorisation are encouraged in men.[17] The results corroborated that gender (male) is a significant predictor of trolling behaviour, alongside trait psychopathy and sadism to be significant positive predictors.[17] Moreover, these studies have shown that people who enjoy trolling online tend to too bask hurting other people in everyday life, therefore corroborating a longstanding and persistent blueprint of psychopathological sadism.[xvi]

A psychoanalytic and sexologic written report on the phenomenon of Internet trolling asserts that anonymity increases the incidence of the trolling behaviour, and that "the internet is becoming a medium to invest our anxieties and not thinking about the repercussions of trolling and affecting the victims mentally and incite a sense of guilt and shame within them".[61]

Business organisation troll

A concern troll is a false-flag pseudonym created by a user whose actual point of view is opposed to the 1 that the troll claims to hold. The business organisation troll posts in web forums devoted to its declared point of view and attempts to sway the group's deportment or opinions while challenge to share their goals, but with professed "concerns". The goal is to sow fear, uncertainty, and doubt within the group oft by appealing to outrage civilization.[62] This is a particular case of sockpuppeting and safe-baiting.[ commendation needed ]

For example, a person who wishes to shame obese people, but disguises this impulse as concern for the wellness of overweight people, could be considered a business organisation troll.[63]

A verifiable case of concern trolling occurred in 2006 when Tad Furtado, a staffer for and then-Congressman Charles Bass (R-North.H.), was caught posing as a "concerned" supporter of Bass's opponent, Democrat Paul Hodes, on several liberal New Hampshire blogs, using the pseudonyms "IndieNH" or "IndyNH". "IndyNH" expressed concern that Democrats might just exist wasting their time or money on Hodes, considering Bass was unbeatable.[64] [65] Hodes eventually won the election.[66]

Although the term "business concern troll" originated in discussions of online behavior, it at present sees increasing use to draw like offline behaviors. For example, James Wolcott of Vanity Off-white accused a conservative New York Daily News columnist of "concern troll" behavior in his efforts to downplay the Marking Foley scandal. Wolcott links what he calls concern trolls to what Saul Alinsky calls "Do-Nothings", giving a long quote from Alinsky on the Do-Nothings' method and furnishings:

These Do-Nothings profess a commitment to social alter for ideals of justice, equality, and opportunity, and then abstain from and discourage all effective action for change. They are known by their brand, 'I agree with your ends but not your means'.[67]

The Hill published an op-ed piece by Markos Moulitsas of the liberal blog Daily Kos titled "Dems: Ignore 'Concern Trolls'". The concern trolls in question were not Internet participants just rather Republicans offering public advice and warnings to the Democrats. The author defines "concern trolling" as "offering a poisoned apple in the form of advice to political opponents that, if taken, would damage the recipient".[ better source needed ] [68] Concern trolls employ a different blazon of bait than the more than stereotypical troll in their attempts to dispense participants and disrupt conversations.[ citation needed ]

Troll sites

A New York Times article discussed troll activity at 4chan and at Encyclopedia Dramatica, which it described as "an online compendium of troll humor and troll lore".[25] 4chan's /b/ lath is recognized equally "i of the Internet's most infamous and active trolling hotspots".[69] This site and others are often used as a base to troll against sites that their members can not unremarkably mail service on. These trolls feed off the reactions of their victims because "their agenda is to accept delight in causing problem".[70] Places like Reddit, 4chan, and other anonymous message boards are prime real-estate for online trolls. Considering there's no way of tracing who someone is, trolls can postal service very inflammatory content without repercussion.[22]

The online French group Ligue du LOL has been defendant of organized harassment and described every bit a troll group.[71]

Media coverage and controversy

Mainstream media outlets take focused their attention on the willingness of some Internet users to go to farthermost lengths to participate in organized psychological harassment.

Commonwealth of australia

In February 2010, the Australian government became involved after users defaced the Facebook tribute pages of murdered children Trinity Bates and Elliott Fletcher. Australian communications minister Stephen Conroy decried the attacks, committed mainly by 4chan users, every bit evidence of the need for greater Internet regulation, stating, "This argument that the Internet is some mystical creation that no laws should utilise to, that is a recipe for anarchy and the wild due west."[72] Facebook responded by strongly urging administrators to be aware of ways to ban users and remove inappropriate content from Facebook pages.[73] In 2012, the Daily Telegraph started a campaign to take activeness confronting "Twitter trolls", who abuse and threaten users. Several high-profile Australians including Charlotte Dawson, Robbie Farah, Laura Dundovic, and Ray Hadley take been victims of this phenomenon.[74] [75] [76]

Republic of india

Newslaundry covered the miracle of "Twitter trolling" in its "Criticles".[77] It has also been characterising Twitter trolls in its weekly podcasts.[78]

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, contributions made to the Internet are covered by the Malicious Communications Act 1988 also as Department 127 of the Communications Deed 2003, nether which jail sentences were, until 2015, limited to a maximum of 6 months.[79] In October 2014, the UK's Justice Secretary, Chris Grayling, said that "Internet trolls" would face to two years in jail, under measures in the Criminal Justice and Courts Beak that extend the maximum sentence and fourth dimension limits for bringing prosecutions.[79] [80] The House of Lords Select Committee on Communications had earlier recommended against creating a specific offence of trolling. Sending messages which are "grossly offensive or of an indecent, obscene or menacing grapheme" is an offence whether they are received by the intended recipient or not. Several people have been imprisoned in the UK for online harassment.[81]

Trolls of the testimonial page of Georgia Varley faced no prosecution due to misunderstandings of the legal organization in the wake of the term trolling being popularized.[82] In Oct 2012, a xx-year-old man was jailed for twelve weeks for posting offensive jokes to a support group for friends and family of Apr Jones.[83]

United States

As Phillips states, trolling embodies the values that are said to make America the greatest and virtually powerful nation on globe, due to the liberty and liberty of expression it encourages.[84] Using opinion manipulation trolls has been reality since the rise of Internet and community forums. It has been shown that user opinions about products, companies and politics can be influenced by posts by other users in online forums and social networks.[85]

On 31 March 2010, NBC'due south Today ran a segment detailing the deaths of three dissever adolescent girls and trolls' subsequent reactions to their deaths. Shortly later on the suicide of high school pupil Alexis Pilkington, anonymous posters began performing organized psychological harassment across diverse message boards, referring to Pilkington every bit a "suicidal slut", and posting graphic images on her Facebook memorial page. The segment too included an exposé of a 2006 accident, in which an eighteen-twelvemonth-sometime fatally crashed her father's machine into a highway pylon; trolls emailed her grieving family unit the leaked pictures of her mutilated corpse (run across Nikki Catsouras photographs controversy).[five]

In 2007, the media was fooled past trollers into believing that students were consuming a drug chosen Jenkem, purportedly made of homo waste. A user named Pickwick on TOTSE posted pictures implying that he was inhaling this drug. Major news corporations such as Fox News Channel reported the story and urged parents to warn their children well-nigh this drug. Pickwick's pictures of Jenkem were fake and the pictures did not really feature man waste matter.[86]

In August 2012, the subject of trolling was featured on the HBO tv set series The Newsroom. The character of Neal Sampat encounters harassing individuals online, particularly looking at 4chan, and he ends up choosing to mail service negative comments himself on an economics-related forum. The attempt past the character to infiltrate trolls' inner circles attracted contend from media reviewers critiquing the series.[87] [88]

In February 2019, Glenn Greenwald wrote that a cybersecurity company New Cognition "was caught merely six weeks ago engaging in a massive scam to create fictitious Russian troll accounts on Facebook and Twitter in gild to claim that the Kremlin was working to defeat Democratic Senate nominee Doug Jones in Alabama. The New York Times, when exposing the scam, quoted a New Knowledge report that boasted of its fabrications: "We orchestrated an elaborate 'simulated flag' operation that planted the idea that the [Roy] Moore campaign was amplified on social media by a Russian botnet.'"[89]

The 2020 Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders has faced criticism for the behavior of some of his supporters online, merely has deflected such criticism, suggesting that "Russians" were impersonating people claiming to be "Bernie Bro" supporters.[90] Twitter rejected Sanders' proffer that Russia could be responsible for the bad reputation of his supporters. A Twitter spokesperson told CNBC: "Using technology and human review in concert, nosotros proactively monitor Twitter to place attempts at platform manipulation and mitigate them. As is standard, if we have reasonable evidence of country-backed data operations, we'll disclose them following our thorough investigation to our public archive — the largest of its kind in the manufacture."[91] Twitter had suspended 70 troll accounts that posted content in support of Michael Bloomberg's presidential campaign.[92]

The 45th American president, Donald J. Trump, infamously used Twitter to denigrate his political opponents and spread misinformation for which he earned the moniker Troll-In-Chief.[93]

Examples

So-called Gilt Membership trolling originated in 2007 on 4chan boards, when users posted fake images claiming to offering upgraded 4chan account privileges; without a "Gold" business relationship, one could non view sure content. This turned out to be a hoax designed to fool lath members, particularly newcomers. It was copied and became an Internet meme. In some cases, this blazon of troll has been used every bit a scam, most notably on Facebook, where fake Facebook Gold Account upgrade ads have proliferated in lodge to link users to dubious websites and other content.[94]

The example of Zeran five. America Online, Inc. resulted primarily from trolling. Six days after the Oklahoma City bombing, anonymous users posted advertisements for shirts jubilant the bombing on AOL message boards, claiming that the shirts could be obtained past contacting Mr. Kenneth Zeran. The posts listed Zeran's address and domicile telephone number. Zeran was subsequently harassed.[95]

Anti-scientology protests by Anonymous, unremarkably known as Project Chanology, are sometimes labeled as "trolling" by media such as Wired,[96] and the participants sometimes explicitly self-identify every bit "trolls".

Neo-Nazi website The Daily Stormer orchestrates what it calls a "Troll Army", and has encouraged trolling of Jewish MP Luciana Berger and Muslim activist Mariam Veiszadeh.[97]

In 2012, subsequently feminist Anita Sarkeesian started a Kickstarter campaign to fund a series of YouTube videos chronicling misogyny in video games, she received flop threats at speaking engagements, doxxing threats, rape threats and an unwanted starring office in a video game called Beat Upwardly Anita Sarkeesian.[98]

In 2018, the Russian government was accused of using sockpuppet armies consisting of 13 Russians and nigh iii Russian companies including Concord Management to alter the outcome of the 2016 Usa Presidential election.[99] With the aim of ensuring Republican Candidate, Donald Trump emerges victorious, the sockpuppets allegedly pushed various criminal conspiracies, political rallies, and disparaging comments well-nigh Trump major opponent, Hillary Clinton on social media.[99] Initially, only Twitter and Facebook detected the campaign simply other reports suggest that YouTube, Tumblr, Google+, PayPal, and Instagram were used.[100] Donald Trump denied plotting with the Russian regime to run the propaganda and the Russian Government vehemently denied ties to the companies indicted.

In 2020, the official Discord server and Twitch channel for the U.S. Army Esports team became a target of trolling, equally people sent anti-U.S. Army messages, memes, and references to war crimes committed past the U.s. to both.[101] When the team started banning users from their Twitch channel for trolling, they were accused of violating the First Amendment to the United States Constitution by the ACLU and Knight First Subpoena Plant at Columbia Academy.[102] [103] The squad has since denied these allegations.[104]

In 2021, the Salon columnist Amanda Marcotte, author of Troll Nation: How the Right Became Trump-Worshipping Monsters Set on Rat-F*cking Liberals, America, and Truth Itself (2018), described the American far-right exclusively male organization Proud Boys, the conservative pundit Tucker Carlson, and podcast host Joe Rogan as political commentators who have mastered "the fine art of trolling equally a far-right recruitment strategy" by preying upon the American male insecurities, mediocrity, and fragility.[105] In item, regarding their respective discriminatory comments near transgender people, she remarks "how crucial gender anxiety is to far-correct recruitment".[105]

Run into also

  • Anti-social behaviour
  • Astroturfing
  • Phone call-out culture
  • Catfishing
  • Cyber-bullying
  • Flame state of war
  • Fake news website
  • Griefer
  • Heckler
  • Hit-and-run posting
  • Narcissistic supply
  • Patent troll
  • Patriotic Nigras
  • Poe's law
  • Owning the libs
  • Sealioning
  • Shitposting
  • Social gadfly
  • Sockpuppet (Internet)

References

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Further reading

  • Walter, T.; Hourizi, R.; Moncur, Due west.; Pitsillides (2012). Does the Internet Change How We Die And Mourn? An Overview Online.

External links

Trolling advocacy and safe

  • The Trolling Academy – trolling advice, comment, and training
  • Get Safety Online – complimentary expert advice on online rubber

Background and definitions

  • Usenet and Bulletin Board Abuse at Curlie
  • NetLingo definition

Bookish and debate

  • Searching for Safety Online: Managing "Trolling" in a Feminist Forum
  • How to Respond to Internet Rage
  • Malwebolence – The Earth of Web Trolling; New York Times Magazine, By Mattathias Schwartz; 3 August 2008.
  • Net Trolls Are Narcissists, Psychopaths, and Sadists. Jennifer Golbeck for Psychology Today. xviii September 2014.

drummondaffir1949.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_troll

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